Douma is a major city in Eastern Ghouta near Damascus, known historically for its agricultural surroundings and local trade. Since 2012, it became one of the central hotspots in the Syrian conflict, experiencing siege, bombardment, and extensive infrastructure destruction. Its social structure was heavily impacted by displacement and long-term urban damage.

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Today, Douma is seeing gradual, partial return of residents after reconciliation agreements and the removal of armed groups. Some essential services—such as hospitals, bakeries, and telecommunications—have been reactivated. However, unexploded ordnance, damaged infrastructure, and limited reconstruction funding continue to slow full recovery and hinder stable repopulation.

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