Homs Governorate is located in the heart of Syria and is considered the country's largest governorate by area, covering approximately 42,223 square kilometers. It is characterized by its strategic geographical location, connecting the Syrian coast with the eastern desert, making it a major gateway for trade and history.
1. Historical Overview
Homs Governorate has a very ancient history, having been inhabited since prehistoric times. It witnessed the passage of multiple civilizations such as the Canaanites, Arameans, Phoenicians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans. During the Islamic era, Homs flourished and became an important urban center on the trade route between Syria and Iraq, with many mosques and scientific centers built. Homs also saw significant development during the Umayyad and Abbasid eras.
2. What is it Known For?
- Agriculture: It is one of Syria's most important governorates for producing olives, grains, and cherries.
- Traditional Industries: Such as the making of oriental sweets (ma'amoul, knafeh), textiles, and pottery.
- Cultural Character: Homs is known for its distinctive local dishes like fatteh, maqluba, and kibbeh.
- Nature: It is characterized by olive and cherry orchards spread throughout its rural areas.
3. Key Tourist and Historical Landmarks
- Krak des Chevaliers: One of the largest and most famous Crusader castles in the world, located northwest of the governorate.
- Old Homs Citadel: The historical symbol of the city, despite the damage it has sustained.
- Great Al-Omari Mosque: One of the oldest and largest mosques in Syria.
- Church of Saint Paul: One of the oldest churches in Homs.
- The Old City and Heritage Markets: Containing ancient alleys and houses with unique architectural character.
- Sayyidah Zaynab Shrine: An important religious site.
- Natural springs and gardens scattered throughout the governorate.
4. Geography and Climate
Homs is situated between the Syrian coast and the desert plains, giving it a diverse geography that includes fertile plains and hills. The climate is moderate Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild to cold winters, and moderate rainfall.
5. Culture and Customs
Homs is distinguished by its rich and diverse culture, with customs and traditions that preserve its authenticity:
- Great hospitality and generosity at social gatherings.
- Distinctive traditional celebrations and weddings.
- Folk music and heritage chants that convey ancestral stories.
6. Economic Activities
Agriculture is the backbone of the governorate's economy, including olives, grains, vegetables, and fruits. There are also traditional food industries and handicrafts like textiles and pottery. Trade is also significant, as it's a center connecting northern and southern Syria.
7. Major Cities and Towns
- Homs (Governorate Capital)
- Palmyra (a UNESCO World Heritage archaeological site, administratively part of the governorate)
- Al-Rastan
- Talbiseh
- Al-Houla
- Al-Qusayr
8. Infrastructure and Services
Homs has a good road network connecting it to neighboring governorates. It includes hospitals, health centers, schools, and Al-Baath University, which is considered one of Syria's most important universities.
9. Current Situation and Challenges
Homs was significantly affected by the civil war, especially in old urban and rural areas, leading to infrastructure damage and population displacement. There are ongoing efforts for reconstruction and improving economic and social conditions.
10. Prominent Figures
- Muzaffar al-Nawab (renowned poet)
- Adib Ismail (writer and poet)
- Hafez Abd al-Rahman (plastic artist)
